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Recommend/convert to use case-sensitive collation for MySQL/MSSQL (#28662)

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Mainly for MySQL/MSSQL.

It is important for Gitea to use case-sensitive database charset
collation. If the database is using a case-insensitive collation, Gitea
will show startup error/warning messages, and show the errors/warnings
on the admin panel's Self-Check page.

Make `gitea doctor convert` work for MySQL to convert the collations of
database & tables & columns.

* Fix #28131

## ⚠️ BREAKING ⚠️

It is not quite breaking, but it's highly recommended to convert the
database&table&column to a consistent and case-sensitive collation.
This commit is contained in:
wxiaoguang
2024-01-10 19:03:23 +08:00
committed by GitHub
parent a80debc208
commit 2df7563f31
21 changed files with 439 additions and 186 deletions
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18
docs/content/help/faq.en-us.md
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@@ -371,24 +371,6 @@ If you are receiving an error line containing `Error 1071: Specified key was too
then you are attempting to run Gitea on tables which use the ISAM engine. While this may have worked by chance in previous versions of Gitea, it has never been officially supported and
you must use InnoDB. You should run `ALTER TABLE table_name ENGINE=InnoDB;` for each table in the database.
If you are using MySQL 5, another possible fix is
```mysql
SET GLOBAL innodb_file_format=Barracuda;
SET GLOBAL innodb_file_per_table=1;
SET GLOBAL innodb_large_prefix=1;
```
## Why Are Emoji Broken On MySQL
Unfortunately MySQL's `utf8` charset does not completely allow all possible UTF-8 characters, in particular Emoji.
They created a new charset and collation called `utf8mb4` that allows for emoji to be stored but tables which use
the `utf8` charset, and connections which use the `utf8` charset will not use this.
Please run `gitea doctor convert`, or run `ALTER DATABASE database_name CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;`
for the database_name and run `ALTER TABLE table_name CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;`
for each table in the database.
## Why are Emoji displaying only as placeholders or in monochrome
Gitea requires the system or browser to have one of the supported Emoji fonts installed, which are Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Noto Color Emoji and Twemoji Mozilla. Generally, the operating system should already provide one of these fonts, but especially on Linux, it may be necessary to install them manually.

19
docs/content/help/faq.zh-cn.md
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@@ -375,25 +375,6 @@ Gitea 提供了一个子命令`gitea migrate`来初始化数据库，然后您
的错误行，则表示您正在尝试在使用 ISAM 引擎的表上运行 Gitea。尽管在先前版本的 Gitea 中可能是凑巧能够工作的，但它从未得到官方支持，
您必须使用 InnoDB。您应该对数据库中的每个表运行`ALTER TABLE table_name ENGINE=InnoDB;`。
如果您使用的是 MySQL 5，另一个可能的修复方法是：
```mysql
SET GLOBAL innodb_file_format=Barracuda;
SET GLOBAL innodb_file_per_table=1;
SET GLOBAL innodb_large_prefix=1;
```
## 为什么 MySQL 上的 Emoji 显示错误
不幸的是，MySQL 的`utf8`字符集不完全允许所有可能的 UTF-8 字符，特别是 Emoji。
他们创建了一个名为 `utf8mb4`的字符集和校对规则，允许存储 Emoji，但使用
utf8 字符集的表和连接将不会使用它。
请运行 `gitea doctor convert` 或对数据库运行 `ALTER DATABASE database_name CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;`
并对每个表运行 `ALTER TABLE table_name CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;`。
您还需要将`app.ini`文件中的数据库字符集设置为`CHARSET=utf8mb4`。
## 为什么 Emoji 只显示占位符或单色图像
Gitea 需要系统或浏览器安装其中一个受支持的 Emoji 字体，例如 Apple Color Emoji、Segoe UI Emoji、Segoe UI Symbol、Noto Color Emoji 和 Twemoji Mozilla。通常，操作系统应该已经提供了其中一个字体，但特别是在 Linux 上，可能需要手动安装它们。