Migrate tools and configs to typescript, require node.js >= 22.18.0 (#35421)

Migrate all JS config and tools to TS and fix a number of type issues.
This required Node.js 22.18.0 or greater where [type-stripping was
enabled](https://nodejs.org/en/blog/release/v22.18.0) by default.

Given that Node 22 is the current LTS, I think it's ok to assume that
the user has a recent version of it.

Webpack currently requires the `--disable-interpret` flag to work,
should be fixed eventually with
https://github.com/webpack/webpack-cli/issues/4525.
`fast-glob` is replaced by `fs.globSync`, available in Node 22.0.0 or
greater.

tsconfig.json

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
     "types": [
       "vitest/globals",
       "./web_src/js/globals.d.ts",
+      "./types.d.ts",
     ],
   }
 }