diff --git a/models/repo/repo_list.go b/models/repo/repo_list.go
index 533ca5251f..6b452291ea 100644
--- a/models/repo/repo_list.go
+++ b/models/repo/repo_list.go
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unit"
 	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/container"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/optional"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
@@ -125,11 +126,11 @@ type SearchRepoOptions struct {
 	// None -> include public and private
 	// True -> include just private
 	// False -> include just public
-	IsPrivate util.OptionalBool
+	IsPrivate optional.Option[bool]
 	// None -> include collaborative AND non-collaborative
 	// True -> include just collaborative
 	// False -> include just non-collaborative
-	Collaborate util.OptionalBool
+	Collaborate optional.Option[bool]
 	// What type of unit the user can be collaborative in,
 	// it is ignored if Collaborate is False.
 	// TypeInvalid means any unit type.
@@ -137,19 +138,19 @@ type SearchRepoOptions struct {
 	// None -> include forks AND non-forks
 	// True -> include just forks
 	// False -> include just non-forks
-	Fork util.OptionalBool
+	Fork optional.Option[bool]
 	// None -> include templates AND non-templates
 	// True -> include just templates
 	// False -> include just non-templates
-	Template util.OptionalBool
+	Template optional.Option[bool]
 	// None -> include mirrors AND non-mirrors
 	// True -> include just mirrors
 	// False -> include just non-mirrors
-	Mirror util.OptionalBool
+	Mirror optional.Option[bool]
 	// None -> include archived AND non-archived
 	// True -> include just archived
 	// False -> include just non-archived
-	Archived util.OptionalBool
+	Archived optional.Option[bool]
 	// only search topic name
 	TopicOnly bool
 	// only search repositories with specified primary language
@@ -159,7 +160,7 @@ type SearchRepoOptions struct {
 	// None -> include has milestones AND has no milestone
 	// True -> include just has milestones
 	// False -> include just has no milestone
-	HasMilestones util.OptionalBool
+	HasMilestones optional.Option[bool]
 	// LowerNames represents valid lower names to restrict to
 	LowerNames []string
 	// When specified true, apply some filters over the conditions:
@@ -359,12 +360,12 @@ func SearchRepositoryCondition(opts *SearchRepoOptions) builder.Cond {
 			)))
 	}
 
-	if opts.IsPrivate != util.OptionalBoolNone {
-		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"is_private": opts.IsPrivate.IsTrue()})
+	if opts.IsPrivate.Has() {
+		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"is_private": opts.IsPrivate.Value()})
 	}
 
-	if opts.Template != util.OptionalBoolNone {
-		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"is_template": opts.Template == util.OptionalBoolTrue})
+	if opts.Template.Has() {
+		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"is_template": opts.Template.Value()})
 	}
 
 	// Restrict to starred repositories
@@ -380,11 +381,11 @@ func SearchRepositoryCondition(opts *SearchRepoOptions) builder.Cond {
 	// Restrict repositories to those the OwnerID owns or contributes to as per opts.Collaborate
 	if opts.OwnerID > 0 {
 		accessCond := builder.NewCond()
-		if opts.Collaborate != util.OptionalBoolTrue {
+		if !opts.Collaborate.Value() {
 			accessCond = builder.Eq{"owner_id": opts.OwnerID}
 		}
 
-		if opts.Collaborate != util.OptionalBoolFalse {
+		if opts.Collaborate.ValueOrDefault(true) {
 			// A Collaboration is:
 
 			collaborateCond := builder.NewCond()
@@ -472,31 +473,32 @@ func SearchRepositoryCondition(opts *SearchRepoOptions) builder.Cond {
 			Where(builder.Eq{"language": opts.Language}).And(builder.Eq{"is_primary": true})))
 	}
 
-	if opts.Fork != util.OptionalBoolNone || opts.OnlyShowRelevant {
-		if opts.OnlyShowRelevant && opts.Fork == util.OptionalBoolNone {
+	if opts.Fork.Has() || opts.OnlyShowRelevant {
+		if opts.OnlyShowRelevant && !opts.Fork.Has() {
 			cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"is_fork": false})
 		} else {
-			cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"is_fork": opts.Fork == util.OptionalBoolTrue})
+			cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"is_fork": opts.Fork.Value()})
 		}
 	}
 
-	if opts.Mirror != util.OptionalBoolNone {
-		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"is_mirror": opts.Mirror == util.OptionalBoolTrue})
+	if opts.Mirror.Has() {
+		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"is_mirror": opts.Mirror.Value()})
 	}
 
 	if opts.Actor != nil && opts.Actor.IsRestricted {
 		cond = cond.And(AccessibleRepositoryCondition(opts.Actor, unit.TypeInvalid))
 	}
 
-	if opts.Archived != util.OptionalBoolNone {
-		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"is_archived": opts.Archived == util.OptionalBoolTrue})
+	if opts.Archived.Has() {
+		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"is_archived": opts.Archived.Value()})
 	}
 
-	switch opts.HasMilestones {
-	case util.OptionalBoolTrue:
-		cond = cond.And(builder.Gt{"num_milestones": 0})
-	case util.OptionalBoolFalse:
-		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"num_milestones": 0}.Or(builder.IsNull{"num_milestones"}))
+	if opts.HasMilestones.Has() {
+		if opts.HasMilestones.Value() {
+			cond = cond.And(builder.Gt{"num_milestones": 0})
+		} else {
+			cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"num_milestones": 0}.Or(builder.IsNull{"num_milestones"}))
+		}
 	}
 
 	if opts.OnlyShowRelevant {
diff --git a/models/repo/repo_list_test.go b/models/repo/repo_list_test.go
index 83e37a27fd..88cfcde620 100644
--- a/models/repo/repo_list_test.go
+++ b/models/repo/repo_list_test.go
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
 	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unittest"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/optional"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
@@ -27,62 +27,62 @@ func getTestCases() []struct {
 	}{
 		{
 			name:  "PublicRepositoriesByName",
-			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{Keyword: "big_test_", ListOptions: db.ListOptions{PageSize: 10}, Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolFalse},
+			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{Keyword: "big_test_", ListOptions: db.ListOptions{PageSize: 10}, Collaborate: optional.Some(false)},
 			count: 7,
 		},
 		{
 			name:  "PublicAndPrivateRepositoriesByName",
-			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{Keyword: "big_test_", ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, Private: true, Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolFalse},
+			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{Keyword: "big_test_", ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, Private: true, Collaborate: optional.Some(false)},
 			count: 14,
 		},
 		{
 			name:  "PublicAndPrivateRepositoriesByNameWithPagesizeLimitFirstPage",
-			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{Keyword: "big_test_", ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 5}, Private: true, Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolFalse},
+			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{Keyword: "big_test_", ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 5}, Private: true, Collaborate: optional.Some(false)},
 			count: 14,
 		},
 		{
 			name:  "PublicAndPrivateRepositoriesByNameWithPagesizeLimitSecondPage",
-			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{Keyword: "big_test_", ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 2, PageSize: 5}, Private: true, Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolFalse},
+			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{Keyword: "big_test_", ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 2, PageSize: 5}, Private: true, Collaborate: optional.Some(false)},
 			count: 14,
 		},
 		{
 			name:  "PublicAndPrivateRepositoriesByNameWithPagesizeLimitThirdPage",
-			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{Keyword: "big_test_", ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 3, PageSize: 5}, Private: true, Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolFalse},
+			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{Keyword: "big_test_", ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 3, PageSize: 5}, Private: true, Collaborate: optional.Some(false)},
 			count: 14,
 		},
 		{
 			name:  "PublicAndPrivateRepositoriesByNameWithPagesizeLimitFourthPage",
-			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{Keyword: "big_test_", ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 3, PageSize: 5}, Private: true, Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolFalse},
+			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{Keyword: "big_test_", ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 3, PageSize: 5}, Private: true, Collaborate: optional.Some(false)},
 			count: 14,
 		},
 		{
 			name:  "PublicRepositoriesOfUser",
-			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, OwnerID: 15, Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolFalse},
+			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, OwnerID: 15, Collaborate: optional.Some(false)},
 			count: 2,
 		},
 		{
 			name:  "PublicRepositoriesOfUser2",
-			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, OwnerID: 18, Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolFalse},
+			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, OwnerID: 18, Collaborate: optional.Some(false)},
 			count: 0,
 		},
 		{
 			name:  "PublicRepositoriesOfOrg3",
-			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, OwnerID: 20, Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolFalse},
+			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, OwnerID: 20, Collaborate: optional.Some(false)},
 			count: 2,
 		},
 		{
 			name:  "PublicAndPrivateRepositoriesOfUser",
-			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, OwnerID: 15, Private: true, Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolFalse},
+			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, OwnerID: 15, Private: true, Collaborate: optional.Some(false)},
 			count: 4,
 		},
 		{
 			name:  "PublicAndPrivateRepositoriesOfUser2",
-			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, OwnerID: 18, Private: true, Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolFalse},
+			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, OwnerID: 18, Private: true, Collaborate: optional.Some(false)},
 			count: 0,
 		},
 		{
 			name:  "PublicAndPrivateRepositoriesOfOrg3",
-			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, OwnerID: 20, Private: true, Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolFalse},
+			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, OwnerID: 20, Private: true, Collaborate: optional.Some(false)},
 			count: 4,
 		},
 		{
@@ -117,32 +117,32 @@ func getTestCases() []struct {
 		},
 		{
 			name:  "PublicRepositoriesOfOrganization",
-			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, OwnerID: 17, Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolFalse},
+			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, OwnerID: 17, Collaborate: optional.Some(false)},
 			count: 1,
 		},
 		{
 			name:  "PublicAndPrivateRepositoriesOfOrganization",
-			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, OwnerID: 17, Private: true, Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolFalse},
+			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, OwnerID: 17, Private: true, Collaborate: optional.Some(false)},
 			count: 2,
 		},
 		{
 			name:  "AllPublic/PublicRepositoriesByName",
-			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{Keyword: "big_test_", ListOptions: db.ListOptions{PageSize: 10}, AllPublic: true, Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolFalse},
+			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{Keyword: "big_test_", ListOptions: db.ListOptions{PageSize: 10}, AllPublic: true, Collaborate: optional.Some(false)},
 			count: 7,
 		},
 		{
 			name:  "AllPublic/PublicAndPrivateRepositoriesByName",
-			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{Keyword: "big_test_", ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, Private: true, AllPublic: true, Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolFalse},
+			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{Keyword: "big_test_", ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, Private: true, AllPublic: true, Collaborate: optional.Some(false)},
 			count: 14,
 		},
 		{
 			name:  "AllPublic/PublicRepositoriesOfUserIncludingCollaborative",
-			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, OwnerID: 15, AllPublic: true, Template: util.OptionalBoolFalse},
+			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, OwnerID: 15, AllPublic: true, Template: optional.Some(false)},
 			count: 33,
 		},
 		{
 			name:  "AllPublic/PublicAndPrivateRepositoriesOfUserIncludingCollaborative",
-			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, OwnerID: 15, Private: true, AllPublic: true, AllLimited: true, Template: util.OptionalBoolFalse},
+			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, OwnerID: 15, Private: true, AllPublic: true, AllLimited: true, Template: optional.Some(false)},
 			count: 38,
 		},
 		{
@@ -157,12 +157,12 @@ func getTestCases() []struct {
 		},
 		{
 			name:  "AllPublic/PublicRepositoriesOfOrganization",
-			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, OwnerID: 17, AllPublic: true, Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolFalse, Template: util.OptionalBoolFalse},
+			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, OwnerID: 17, AllPublic: true, Collaborate: optional.Some(false), Template: optional.Some(false)},
 			count: 33,
 		},
 		{
 			name:  "AllTemplates",
-			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, Template: util.OptionalBoolTrue},
+			opts:  &repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 10}, Template: optional.Some(true)},
 			count: 2,
 		},
 		{
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ func TestSearchRepository(t *testing.T) {
 			PageSize: 10,
 		},
 		Keyword:     "repo_12",
-		Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolFalse,
+		Collaborate: optional.Some(false),
 	})
 
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ func TestSearchRepository(t *testing.T) {
 			PageSize: 10,
 		},
 		Keyword:     "test_repo",
-		Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolFalse,
+		Collaborate: optional.Some(false),
 	})
 
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ func TestSearchRepository(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		Keyword:     "repo_13",
 		Private:     true,
-		Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolFalse,
+		Collaborate: optional.Some(false),
 	})
 
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ func TestSearchRepository(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		Keyword:     "test_repo",
 		Private:     true,
-		Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolFalse,
+		Collaborate: optional.Some(false),
 	})
 
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ func TestSearchRepository(t *testing.T) {
 			PageSize: 10,
 		},
 		Keyword:            "description_14",
-		Collaborate:        util.OptionalBoolFalse,
+		Collaborate:        optional.Some(false),
 		IncludeDescription: true,
 	})
 
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ func TestSearchRepository(t *testing.T) {
 			PageSize: 10,
 		},
 		Keyword:            "description_14",
-		Collaborate:        util.OptionalBoolFalse,
+		Collaborate:        optional.Some(false),
 		IncludeDescription: false,
 	})
 
@@ -327,30 +327,25 @@ func TestSearchRepository(t *testing.T) {
 						assert.False(t, repo.IsPrivate)
 					}
 
-					if testCase.opts.Fork == util.OptionalBoolTrue && testCase.opts.Mirror == util.OptionalBoolTrue {
-						assert.True(t, repo.IsFork || repo.IsMirror)
+					if testCase.opts.Fork.Value() && testCase.opts.Mirror.Value() {
+						assert.True(t, repo.IsFork && repo.IsMirror)
 					} else {
-						switch testCase.opts.Fork {
-						case util.OptionalBoolFalse:
-							assert.False(t, repo.IsFork)
-						case util.OptionalBoolTrue:
-							assert.True(t, repo.IsFork)
+						if testCase.opts.Fork.Has() {
+							assert.Equal(t, testCase.opts.Fork.Value(), repo.IsFork)
 						}
 
-						switch testCase.opts.Mirror {
-						case util.OptionalBoolFalse:
-							assert.False(t, repo.IsMirror)
-						case util.OptionalBoolTrue:
-							assert.True(t, repo.IsMirror)
+						if testCase.opts.Mirror.Has() {
+							assert.Equal(t, testCase.opts.Mirror.Value(), repo.IsMirror)
 						}
 					}
 
 					if testCase.opts.OwnerID > 0 && !testCase.opts.AllPublic {
-						switch testCase.opts.Collaborate {
-						case util.OptionalBoolFalse:
-							assert.Equal(t, testCase.opts.OwnerID, repo.Owner.ID)
-						case util.OptionalBoolTrue:
-							assert.NotEqual(t, testCase.opts.OwnerID, repo.Owner.ID)
+						if testCase.opts.Collaborate.Has() {
+							if testCase.opts.Collaborate.Value() {
+								assert.NotEqual(t, testCase.opts.OwnerID, repo.Owner.ID)
+							} else {
+								assert.Equal(t, testCase.opts.OwnerID, repo.Owner.ID)
+							}
 						}
 					}
 				}
diff --git a/models/user/email_address.go b/models/user/email_address.go
index 9ddd1838d5..5d67304691 100644
--- a/models/user/email_address.go
+++ b/models/user/email_address.go
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/base"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/optional"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/validation"
@@ -416,8 +417,8 @@ type SearchEmailOptions struct {
 	db.ListOptions
 	Keyword     string
 	SortType    SearchEmailOrderBy
-	IsPrimary   util.OptionalBool
-	IsActivated util.OptionalBool
+	IsPrimary   optional.Option[bool]
+	IsActivated optional.Option[bool]
 }
 
 // SearchEmailResult is an e-mail address found in the user or email_address table
@@ -444,18 +445,12 @@ func SearchEmails(ctx context.Context, opts *SearchEmailOptions) ([]*SearchEmail
 		))
 	}
 
-	switch {
-	case opts.IsPrimary.IsTrue():
-		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"email_address.is_primary": true})
-	case opts.IsPrimary.IsFalse():
-		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"email_address.is_primary": false})
+	if opts.IsPrimary.Has() {
+		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"email_address.is_primary": opts.IsPrimary.Value()})
 	}
 
-	switch {
-	case opts.IsActivated.IsTrue():
-		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"email_address.is_activated": true})
-	case opts.IsActivated.IsFalse():
-		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"email_address.is_activated": false})
+	if opts.IsActivated.Has() {
+		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"email_address.is_activated": opts.IsActivated.Value()})
 	}
 
 	count, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Join("INNER", "`user`", "`user`.ID = email_address.uid").
diff --git a/models/user/email_address_test.go b/models/user/email_address_test.go
index dc3073f98b..c2e010d95b 100644
--- a/models/user/email_address_test.go
+++ b/models/user/email_address_test.go
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unittest"
 	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/optional"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
@@ -128,14 +128,14 @@ func TestListEmails(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.True(t, contains(func(s *user_model.SearchEmailResult) bool { return s.UID == 27 }))
 
 	// Must find only primary addresses (i.e. from the `user` table)
-	opts = &user_model.SearchEmailOptions{IsPrimary: util.OptionalBoolTrue}
+	opts = &user_model.SearchEmailOptions{IsPrimary: optional.Some(true)}
 	emails, _, err = user_model.SearchEmails(db.DefaultContext, opts)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.True(t, contains(func(s *user_model.SearchEmailResult) bool { return s.IsPrimary }))
 	assert.False(t, contains(func(s *user_model.SearchEmailResult) bool { return !s.IsPrimary }))
 
 	// Must find only inactive addresses (i.e. not validated)
-	opts = &user_model.SearchEmailOptions{IsActivated: util.OptionalBoolFalse}
+	opts = &user_model.SearchEmailOptions{IsActivated: optional.Some(false)}
 	emails, _, err = user_model.SearchEmails(db.DefaultContext, opts)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.True(t, contains(func(s *user_model.SearchEmailResult) bool { return !s.IsActivated }))
diff --git a/models/user/search.go b/models/user/search.go
index 9484bf4425..45b051187e 100644
--- a/models/user/search.go
+++ b/models/user/search.go
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ import (
 
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/container"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/optional"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 
 	"xorm.io/builder"
 	"xorm.io/xorm"
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ type SearchUserOptions struct {
 
 	SupportedSortOrders container.Set[string] // if not nil, only allow to use the sort orders in this set
 
-	IsActive           util.OptionalBool
-	IsAdmin            util.OptionalBool
-	IsRestricted       util.OptionalBool
-	IsTwoFactorEnabled util.OptionalBool
-	IsProhibitLogin    util.OptionalBool
+	IsActive           optional.Option[bool]
+	IsAdmin            optional.Option[bool]
+	IsRestricted       optional.Option[bool]
+	IsTwoFactorEnabled optional.Option[bool]
+	IsProhibitLogin    optional.Option[bool]
 	IncludeReserved    bool
 
 	ExtraParamStrings map[string]string
@@ -89,24 +89,24 @@ func (opts *SearchUserOptions) toSearchQueryBase(ctx context.Context) *xorm.Sess
 		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"login_name": opts.LoginName})
 	}
 
-	if !opts.IsActive.IsNone() {
-		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"is_active": opts.IsActive.IsTrue()})
+	if opts.IsActive.Has() {
+		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"is_active": opts.IsActive.Value()})
 	}
 
-	if !opts.IsAdmin.IsNone() {
-		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"is_admin": opts.IsAdmin.IsTrue()})
+	if opts.IsAdmin.Has() {
+		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"is_admin": opts.IsAdmin.Value()})
 	}
 
-	if !opts.IsRestricted.IsNone() {
-		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"is_restricted": opts.IsRestricted.IsTrue()})
+	if opts.IsRestricted.Has() {
+		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"is_restricted": opts.IsRestricted.Value()})
 	}
 
-	if !opts.IsProhibitLogin.IsNone() {
-		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"prohibit_login": opts.IsProhibitLogin.IsTrue()})
+	if opts.IsProhibitLogin.Has() {
+		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"prohibit_login": opts.IsProhibitLogin.Value()})
 	}
 
 	e := db.GetEngine(ctx)
-	if opts.IsTwoFactorEnabled.IsNone() {
+	if !opts.IsTwoFactorEnabled.Has() {
 		return e.Where(cond)
 	}
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ func (opts *SearchUserOptions) toSearchQueryBase(ctx context.Context) *xorm.Sess
 	// While using LEFT JOIN, sometimes the performance might not be good, but it won't be a problem now, such SQL is seldom executed.
 	// There are some possible methods to refactor this SQL in future when we really need to optimize the performance (but not now):
 	// (1) add a column in user table (2) add a setting value in user_setting table (3) use search engines (bleve/elasticsearch)
-	if opts.IsTwoFactorEnabled.IsTrue() {
+	if opts.IsTwoFactorEnabled.Value() {
 		cond = cond.And(builder.Expr("two_factor.uid IS NOT NULL"))
 	} else {
 		cond = cond.And(builder.Expr("two_factor.uid IS NULL"))
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ func SearchUsers(ctx context.Context, opts *SearchUserOptions) (users []*User, _
 	defer sessCount.Close()
 	count, err := sessCount.Count(new(User))
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("Count: %w", err)
+		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("count: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if len(opts.OrderBy) == 0 {
diff --git a/models/user/user_test.go b/models/user/user_test.go
index 68cee9cdbd..f522f743d5 100644
--- a/models/user/user_test.go
+++ b/models/user/user_test.go
@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unittest"
 	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/auth/password/hash"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/optional"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
@@ -103,29 +103,29 @@ func TestSearchUsers(t *testing.T) {
 	testUserSuccess(&user_model.SearchUserOptions{OrderBy: "id ASC", ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1}},
 		[]int64{1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 34, 37, 38, 39, 40})
 
-	testUserSuccess(&user_model.SearchUserOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1}, IsActive: util.OptionalBoolFalse},
+	testUserSuccess(&user_model.SearchUserOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1}, IsActive: optional.Some(false)},
 		[]int64{9})
 
-	testUserSuccess(&user_model.SearchUserOptions{OrderBy: "id ASC", ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1}, IsActive: util.OptionalBoolTrue},
+	testUserSuccess(&user_model.SearchUserOptions{OrderBy: "id ASC", ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1}, IsActive: optional.Some(true)},
 		[]int64{1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 34, 37, 38, 39, 40})
 
-	testUserSuccess(&user_model.SearchUserOptions{Keyword: "user1", OrderBy: "id ASC", ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1}, IsActive: util.OptionalBoolTrue},
+	testUserSuccess(&user_model.SearchUserOptions{Keyword: "user1", OrderBy: "id ASC", ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1}, IsActive: optional.Some(true)},
 		[]int64{1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18})
 
 	// order by name asc default
-	testUserSuccess(&user_model.SearchUserOptions{Keyword: "user1", ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1}, IsActive: util.OptionalBoolTrue},
+	testUserSuccess(&user_model.SearchUserOptions{Keyword: "user1", ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1}, IsActive: optional.Some(true)},
 		[]int64{1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18})
 
-	testUserSuccess(&user_model.SearchUserOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1}, IsAdmin: util.OptionalBoolTrue},
+	testUserSuccess(&user_model.SearchUserOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1}, IsAdmin: optional.Some(true)},
 		[]int64{1})
 
-	testUserSuccess(&user_model.SearchUserOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1}, IsRestricted: util.OptionalBoolTrue},
+	testUserSuccess(&user_model.SearchUserOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1}, IsRestricted: optional.Some(true)},
 		[]int64{29})
 
-	testUserSuccess(&user_model.SearchUserOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1}, IsProhibitLogin: util.OptionalBoolTrue},
+	testUserSuccess(&user_model.SearchUserOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1}, IsProhibitLogin: optional.Some(true)},
 		[]int64{37})
 
-	testUserSuccess(&user_model.SearchUserOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1}, IsTwoFactorEnabled: util.OptionalBoolTrue},
+	testUserSuccess(&user_model.SearchUserOptions{ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1}, IsTwoFactorEnabled: optional.Some(true)},
 		[]int64{24})
 }
 
diff --git a/modules/indexer/issues/indexer.go b/modules/indexer/issues/indexer.go
index 57037d2947..e3bc21b49d 100644
--- a/modules/indexer/issues/indexer.go
+++ b/modules/indexer/issues/indexer.go
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/indexer/issues/internal"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/indexer/issues/meilisearch"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/optional"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/process"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/queue"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 )
 
 // IndexerMetadata is used to send data to the queue, so it contains only the ids.
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ func PopulateIssueIndexer(ctx context.Context) error {
 			ListOptions: db_model.ListOptions{Page: page, PageSize: repo_model.RepositoryListDefaultPageSize},
 			OrderBy:     db_model.SearchOrderByID,
 			Private:     true,
-			Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolFalse,
+			Collaborate: optional.Some(false),
 		})
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("SearchRepositoryByName: %v", err)
diff --git a/modules/optional/option_test.go b/modules/optional/option_test.go
index 410fd73577..4f55608004 100644
--- a/modules/optional/option_test.go
+++ b/modules/optional/option_test.go
@@ -27,6 +27,16 @@ func TestOption(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, int(1), some.Value())
 	assert.Equal(t, int(1), some.ValueOrDefault(2))
 
+	noneBool := optional.None[bool]()
+	assert.False(t, noneBool.Has())
+	assert.False(t, noneBool.Value())
+	assert.True(t, noneBool.ValueOrDefault(true))
+
+	someBool := optional.Some(true)
+	assert.True(t, someBool.Has())
+	assert.True(t, someBool.Value())
+	assert.True(t, someBool.ValueOrDefault(false))
+
 	var ptr *int
 	assert.False(t, optional.FromPtr(ptr).Has())
 
diff --git a/modules/util/util.go b/modules/util/util.go
index 28b549f405..615f654e47 100644
--- a/modules/util/util.go
+++ b/modules/util/util.go
@@ -68,13 +68,13 @@ func OptionalBoolOf(b bool) OptionalBool {
 	return OptionalBoolFalse
 }
 
-// OptionalBoolParse get the corresponding OptionalBool of a string using strconv.ParseBool
-func OptionalBoolParse(s string) OptionalBool {
-	b, e := strconv.ParseBool(s)
+// OptionalBoolParse get the corresponding optional.Option[bool] of a string using strconv.ParseBool
+func OptionalBoolParse(s string) optional.Option[bool] {
+	v, e := strconv.ParseBool(s)
 	if e != nil {
-		return OptionalBoolNone
+		return optional.None[bool]()
 	}
-	return OptionalBoolOf(b)
+	return optional.Some(v)
 }
 
 // IsEmptyString checks if the provided string is empty
diff --git a/modules/util/util_test.go b/modules/util/util_test.go
index c5830ce01c..819e12ee91 100644
--- a/modules/util/util_test.go
+++ b/modules/util/util_test.go
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/optional"
+
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
 
@@ -173,17 +175,17 @@ func Test_RandomBytes(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NotEqual(t, bytes3, bytes4)
 }
 
-func Test_OptionalBool(t *testing.T) {
-	assert.Equal(t, OptionalBoolNone, OptionalBoolParse(""))
-	assert.Equal(t, OptionalBoolNone, OptionalBoolParse("x"))
+func TestOptionalBoolParse(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Equal(t, optional.None[bool](), OptionalBoolParse(""))
+	assert.Equal(t, optional.None[bool](), OptionalBoolParse("x"))
 
-	assert.Equal(t, OptionalBoolFalse, OptionalBoolParse("0"))
-	assert.Equal(t, OptionalBoolFalse, OptionalBoolParse("f"))
-	assert.Equal(t, OptionalBoolFalse, OptionalBoolParse("False"))
+	assert.Equal(t, optional.Some(false), OptionalBoolParse("0"))
+	assert.Equal(t, optional.Some(false), OptionalBoolParse("f"))
+	assert.Equal(t, optional.Some(false), OptionalBoolParse("False"))
 
-	assert.Equal(t, OptionalBoolTrue, OptionalBoolParse("1"))
-	assert.Equal(t, OptionalBoolTrue, OptionalBoolParse("t"))
-	assert.Equal(t, OptionalBoolTrue, OptionalBoolParse("True"))
+	assert.Equal(t, optional.Some(true), OptionalBoolParse("1"))
+	assert.Equal(t, optional.Some(true), OptionalBoolParse("t"))
+	assert.Equal(t, optional.Some(true), OptionalBoolParse("True"))
 }
 
 // Test case for any function which accepts and returns a single string.
diff --git a/routers/api/v1/repo/issue.go b/routers/api/v1/repo/issue.go
index efc1a08a05..227e0e725c 100644
--- a/routers/api/v1/repo/issue.go
+++ b/routers/api/v1/repo/issue.go
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unit"
 	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
 	issue_indexer "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/indexer/issues"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/optional"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
 	api "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ func SearchIssues(ctx *context.APIContext) {
 			Private:     false,
 			AllPublic:   true,
 			TopicOnly:   false,
-			Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolNone,
+			Collaborate: optional.None[bool](),
 			// This needs to be a column that is not nil in fixtures or
 			// MySQL will return different results when sorting by null in some cases
 			OrderBy: db.SearchOrderByAlphabetically,
@@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ func SearchIssues(ctx *context.APIContext) {
 			opts.OwnerID = owner.ID
 			opts.AllLimited = false
 			opts.AllPublic = false
-			opts.Collaborate = util.OptionalBoolFalse
+			opts.Collaborate = optional.Some(false)
 		}
 		if ctx.FormString("team") != "" {
 			if ctx.FormString("owner") == "" {
diff --git a/routers/api/v1/repo/repo.go b/routers/api/v1/repo/repo.go
index da443bbf18..6fde73a4e8 100644
--- a/routers/api/v1/repo/repo.go
+++ b/routers/api/v1/repo/repo.go
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/gitrepo"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/label"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/optional"
 	repo_module "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/repository"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
 	api "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/validation"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/web"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/routers/api/v1/utils"
@@ -135,33 +135,33 @@ func Search(ctx *context.APIContext) {
 		PriorityOwnerID:    ctx.FormInt64("priority_owner_id"),
 		TeamID:             ctx.FormInt64("team_id"),
 		TopicOnly:          ctx.FormBool("topic"),
-		Collaborate:        util.OptionalBoolNone,
+		Collaborate:        optional.None[bool](),
 		Private:            ctx.IsSigned && (ctx.FormString("private") == "" || ctx.FormBool("private")),
-		Template:           util.OptionalBoolNone,
+		Template:           optional.None[bool](),
 		StarredByID:        ctx.FormInt64("starredBy"),
 		IncludeDescription: ctx.FormBool("includeDesc"),
 	}
 
 	if ctx.FormString("template") != "" {
-		opts.Template = util.OptionalBoolOf(ctx.FormBool("template"))
+		opts.Template = optional.Some(ctx.FormBool("template"))
 	}
 
 	if ctx.FormBool("exclusive") {
-		opts.Collaborate = util.OptionalBoolFalse
+		opts.Collaborate = optional.Some(false)
 	}
 
 	mode := ctx.FormString("mode")
 	switch mode {
 	case "source":
-		opts.Fork = util.OptionalBoolFalse
-		opts.Mirror = util.OptionalBoolFalse
+		opts.Fork = optional.Some(false)
+		opts.Mirror = optional.Some(false)
 	case "fork":
-		opts.Fork = util.OptionalBoolTrue
+		opts.Fork = optional.Some(true)
 	case "mirror":
-		opts.Mirror = util.OptionalBoolTrue
+		opts.Mirror = optional.Some(true)
 	case "collaborative":
-		opts.Mirror = util.OptionalBoolFalse
-		opts.Collaborate = util.OptionalBoolTrue
+		opts.Mirror = optional.Some(false)
+		opts.Collaborate = optional.Some(true)
 	case "":
 	default:
 		ctx.Error(http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, "", fmt.Errorf("Invalid search mode: \"%s\"", mode))
@@ -169,11 +169,11 @@ func Search(ctx *context.APIContext) {
 	}
 
 	if ctx.FormString("archived") != "" {
-		opts.Archived = util.OptionalBoolOf(ctx.FormBool("archived"))
+		opts.Archived = optional.Some(ctx.FormBool("archived"))
 	}
 
 	if ctx.FormString("is_private") != "" {
-		opts.IsPrivate = util.OptionalBoolOf(ctx.FormBool("is_private"))
+		opts.IsPrivate = optional.Some(ctx.FormBool("is_private"))
 	}
 
 	sortMode := ctx.FormString("sort")
diff --git a/routers/web/admin/emails.go b/routers/web/admin/emails.go
index 4296d70aee..2cf4035c6a 100644
--- a/routers/web/admin/emails.go
+++ b/routers/web/admin/emails.go
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ import (
 	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/base"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/optional"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/services/context"
 )
 
@@ -68,10 +68,10 @@ func Emails(ctx *context.Context) {
 	opts.Keyword = ctx.FormTrim("q")
 	opts.SortType = orderBy
 	if len(ctx.FormString("is_activated")) != 0 {
-		opts.IsActivated = util.OptionalBoolOf(ctx.FormBool("activated"))
+		opts.IsActivated = optional.Some(ctx.FormBool("activated"))
 	}
 	if len(ctx.FormString("is_primary")) != 0 {
-		opts.IsPrimary = util.OptionalBoolOf(ctx.FormBool("primary"))
+		opts.IsPrimary = optional.Some(ctx.FormBool("primary"))
 	}
 
 	if len(opts.Keyword) == 0 || isKeywordValid(opts.Keyword) {
diff --git a/routers/web/admin/users.go b/routers/web/admin/users.go
index cbca26eba8..bbdbc820d7 100644
--- a/routers/web/admin/users.go
+++ b/routers/web/admin/users.go
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ func ViewUser(ctx *context.Context) {
 		OwnerID:     u.ID,
 		OrderBy:     db.SearchOrderByAlphabetically,
 		Private:     true,
-		Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolFalse,
+		Collaborate: optional.Some(false),
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		ctx.ServerError("SearchRepository", err)
diff --git a/routers/web/explore/user.go b/routers/web/explore/user.go
index 41f440f9d9..b79a79fb2c 100644
--- a/routers/web/explore/user.go
+++ b/routers/web/explore/user.go
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/base"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/container"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/optional"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/sitemap"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/services/context"
 )
 
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ func Users(ctx *context.Context) {
 		Actor:       ctx.Doer,
 		Type:        user_model.UserTypeIndividual,
 		ListOptions: db.ListOptions{PageSize: setting.UI.ExplorePagingNum},
-		IsActive:    util.OptionalBoolTrue,
+		IsActive:    optional.Some(true),
 		Visible:     []structs.VisibleType{structs.VisibleTypePublic, structs.VisibleTypeLimited, structs.VisibleTypePrivate},
 
 		SupportedSortOrders: supportedSortOrders,
diff --git a/routers/web/home.go b/routers/web/home.go
index 555f94c983..d4be0931e8 100644
--- a/routers/web/home.go
+++ b/routers/web/home.go
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ import (
 	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/base"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/optional"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/sitemap"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/web/middleware"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/routers/web/auth"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/routers/web/user"
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func HomeSitemap(ctx *context.Context) {
 		_, cnt, err := user_model.SearchUsers(ctx, &user_model.SearchUserOptions{
 			Type:        user_model.UserTypeIndividual,
 			ListOptions: db.ListOptions{PageSize: 1},
-			IsActive:    util.OptionalBoolTrue,
+			IsActive:    optional.Some(true),
 			Visible:     []structs.VisibleType{structs.VisibleTypePublic},
 		})
 		if err != nil {
diff --git a/routers/web/repo/issue.go b/routers/web/repo/issue.go
index 65e74a2d90..d13c658d05 100644
--- a/routers/web/repo/issue.go
+++ b/routers/web/repo/issue.go
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/markup"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/markup/markdown"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/optional"
 	repo_module "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/repository"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
 	api "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
@@ -2519,7 +2520,7 @@ func SearchIssues(ctx *context.Context) {
 			Private:     false,
 			AllPublic:   true,
 			TopicOnly:   false,
-			Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolNone,
+			Collaborate: optional.None[bool](),
 			// This needs to be a column that is not nil in fixtures or
 			// MySQL will return different results when sorting by null in some cases
 			OrderBy: db.SearchOrderByAlphabetically,
@@ -2542,7 +2543,7 @@ func SearchIssues(ctx *context.Context) {
 			opts.OwnerID = owner.ID
 			opts.AllLimited = false
 			opts.AllPublic = false
-			opts.Collaborate = util.OptionalBoolFalse
+			opts.Collaborate = optional.Some(false)
 		}
 		if ctx.FormString("team") != "" {
 			if ctx.FormString("owner") == "" {
diff --git a/routers/web/repo/repo.go b/routers/web/repo/repo.go
index 94e9d1267c..49779efa37 100644
--- a/routers/web/repo/repo.go
+++ b/routers/web/repo/repo.go
@@ -553,33 +553,33 @@ func SearchRepo(ctx *context.Context) {
 		PriorityOwnerID:    ctx.FormInt64("priority_owner_id"),
 		TeamID:             ctx.FormInt64("team_id"),
 		TopicOnly:          ctx.FormBool("topic"),
-		Collaborate:        util.OptionalBoolNone,
+		Collaborate:        optional.None[bool](),
 		Private:            ctx.IsSigned && (ctx.FormString("private") == "" || ctx.FormBool("private")),
-		Template:           util.OptionalBoolNone,
+		Template:           optional.None[bool](),
 		StarredByID:        ctx.FormInt64("starredBy"),
 		IncludeDescription: ctx.FormBool("includeDesc"),
 	}
 
 	if ctx.FormString("template") != "" {
-		opts.Template = util.OptionalBoolOf(ctx.FormBool("template"))
+		opts.Template = optional.Some(ctx.FormBool("template"))
 	}
 
 	if ctx.FormBool("exclusive") {
-		opts.Collaborate = util.OptionalBoolFalse
+		opts.Collaborate = optional.Some(false)
 	}
 
 	mode := ctx.FormString("mode")
 	switch mode {
 	case "source":
-		opts.Fork = util.OptionalBoolFalse
-		opts.Mirror = util.OptionalBoolFalse
+		opts.Fork = optional.Some(false)
+		opts.Mirror = optional.Some(false)
 	case "fork":
-		opts.Fork = util.OptionalBoolTrue
+		opts.Fork = optional.Some(true)
 	case "mirror":
-		opts.Mirror = util.OptionalBoolTrue
+		opts.Mirror = optional.Some(true)
 	case "collaborative":
-		opts.Mirror = util.OptionalBoolFalse
-		opts.Collaborate = util.OptionalBoolTrue
+		opts.Mirror = optional.Some(false)
+		opts.Collaborate = optional.Some(true)
 	case "":
 	default:
 		ctx.Error(http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, fmt.Sprintf("Invalid search mode: \"%s\"", mode))
@@ -587,11 +587,11 @@ func SearchRepo(ctx *context.Context) {
 	}
 
 	if ctx.FormString("archived") != "" {
-		opts.Archived = util.OptionalBoolOf(ctx.FormBool("archived"))
+		opts.Archived = optional.Some(ctx.FormBool("archived"))
 	}
 
 	if ctx.FormString("is_private") != "" {
-		opts.IsPrivate = util.OptionalBoolOf(ctx.FormBool("is_private"))
+		opts.IsPrivate = optional.Some(ctx.FormBool("is_private"))
 	}
 
 	sortMode := ctx.FormString("sort")
diff --git a/routers/web/shared/user/header.go b/routers/web/shared/user/header.go
index 2253b8840d..51b04e0613 100644
--- a/routers/web/shared/user/header.go
+++ b/routers/web/shared/user/header.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/git"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/gitrepo"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/optional"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/services/context"
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ func LoadHeaderCount(ctx *context.Context) error {
 		Actor:              ctx.Doer,
 		OwnerID:            ctx.ContextUser.ID,
 		Private:            ctx.IsSigned,
-		Collaborate:        util.OptionalBoolFalse,
+		Collaborate:        optional.Some(false),
 		IncludeDescription: setting.UI.SearchRepoDescription,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/routers/web/user/home.go b/routers/web/user/home.go
index 78548e6df7..6f36806ff7 100644
--- a/routers/web/user/home.go
+++ b/routers/web/user/home.go
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/markup"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/markup/markdown"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/optional"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/routers/web/feed"
@@ -161,8 +162,8 @@ func Milestones(ctx *context.Context) {
 		Private:       true,
 		AllPublic:     false, // Include also all public repositories of users and public organisations
 		AllLimited:    false, // Include also all public repositories of limited organisations
-		Archived:      util.OptionalBoolFalse,
-		HasMilestones: util.OptionalBoolTrue, // Just needs display repos has milestones
+		Archived:      optional.Some(false),
+		HasMilestones: optional.Some(true), // Just needs display repos has milestones
 	}
 
 	if ctxUser.IsOrganization() && ctx.Org.Team != nil {
@@ -465,9 +466,9 @@ func buildIssueOverview(ctx *context.Context, unitType unit.Type) {
 		Private:     true,
 		AllPublic:   false,
 		AllLimited:  false,
-		Collaborate: util.OptionalBoolNone,
+		Collaborate: optional.None[bool](),
 		UnitType:    unitType,
-		Archived:    util.OptionalBoolFalse,
+		Archived:    optional.Some(false),
 	}
 	if team != nil {
 		repoOpts.TeamID = team.ID
diff --git a/routers/web/user/notification.go b/routers/web/user/notification.go
index 05034f8efa..801e1cf95e 100644
--- a/routers/web/user/notification.go
+++ b/routers/web/user/notification.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/base"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/optional"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
@@ -399,7 +400,7 @@ func NotificationWatching(ctx *context.Context) {
 		OrderBy:            orderBy,
 		Private:            ctx.IsSigned,
 		WatchedByID:        ctx.Doer.ID,
-		Collaborate:        util.OptionalBoolFalse,
+		Collaborate:        optional.Some(false),
 		TopicOnly:          ctx.FormBool("topic"),
 		IncludeDescription: setting.UI.SearchRepoDescription,
 	})
diff --git a/routers/web/user/profile.go b/routers/web/user/profile.go
index e7890b7c12..b9b069b0d4 100644
--- a/routers/web/user/profile.go
+++ b/routers/web/user/profile.go
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/markup"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/markup/markdown"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/optional"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/routers/web/feed"
@@ -203,7 +204,7 @@ func prepareUserProfileTabData(ctx *context.Context, showPrivate bool, profileDb
 			OrderBy:            orderBy,
 			Private:            ctx.IsSigned,
 			StarredByID:        ctx.ContextUser.ID,
-			Collaborate:        util.OptionalBoolFalse,
+			Collaborate:        optional.Some(false),
 			TopicOnly:          topicOnly,
 			Language:           language,
 			IncludeDescription: setting.UI.SearchRepoDescription,
@@ -225,7 +226,7 @@ func prepareUserProfileTabData(ctx *context.Context, showPrivate bool, profileDb
 			OrderBy:            orderBy,
 			Private:            ctx.IsSigned,
 			WatchedByID:        ctx.ContextUser.ID,
-			Collaborate:        util.OptionalBoolFalse,
+			Collaborate:        optional.Some(false),
 			TopicOnly:          topicOnly,
 			Language:           language,
 			IncludeDescription: setting.UI.SearchRepoDescription,
@@ -270,7 +271,7 @@ func prepareUserProfileTabData(ctx *context.Context, showPrivate bool, profileDb
 			OwnerID:            ctx.ContextUser.ID,
 			OrderBy:            orderBy,
 			Private:            ctx.IsSigned,
-			Collaborate:        util.OptionalBoolFalse,
+			Collaborate:        optional.Some(false),
 			TopicOnly:          topicOnly,
 			Language:           language,
 			IncludeDescription: setting.UI.SearchRepoDescription,
diff --git a/routers/web/user/search.go b/routers/web/user/search.go
index 5ef61c88d4..fb7729bbe1 100644
--- a/routers/web/user/search.go
+++ b/routers/web/user/search.go
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import (
 
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
 	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/services/context"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/services/convert"
 )
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@ func Search(ctx *context.Context) {
 		Keyword:     ctx.FormTrim("q"),
 		UID:         ctx.FormInt64("uid"),
 		Type:        user_model.UserTypeIndividual,
-		IsActive:    util.OptionalBoolFromGeneric(ctx.FormOptionalBool("active")),
+		IsActive:    ctx.FormOptionalBool("active"),
 		ListOptions: listOptions,
 	})
 	if err != nil {