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Signed-off-by: Xinyu Zhou <i@sourcehut.net>
281 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
281 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
---
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date: "2019-10-23T17:00:00-03:00"
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title: "Mail templates"
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slug: "mail-templates"
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weight: 45
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toc: false
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draft: false
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menu:
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sidebar:
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parent: "advanced"
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name: "Mail templates"
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weight: 45
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identifier: "mail-templates"
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---
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# Mail templates
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**Table of Contents**
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{{< toc >}}
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To craft the e-mail subject and contents for certain operations, Gitea can be customized by using templates. The templates
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for these functions are located under the [`custom` directory](https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/customizing-gitea/).
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Gitea has an internal template that serves as default in case there's no custom alternative.
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Custom templates are loaded when Gitea starts. Changes made to them are not recognized until Gitea is restarted again.
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## Mail notifications supporting templates
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Currently, the following notification events make use of templates:
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| Action name | Usage |
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| ----------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| `new` | A new issue or pull request was created. |
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| `comment` | A new comment was created in an existing issue or pull request. |
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| `close` | An issue or pull request was closed. |
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| `reopen` | An issue or pull request was reopened. |
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| `review` | The head comment of a review in a pull request. |
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| `approve` | The head comment of a approving review for a pull request. |
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| `reject` | The head comment of a review requesting changes for a pull request. |
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| `code` | A single comment on the code of a pull request. |
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| `assigned` | Used was assigned to an issue or pull request. |
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| `default` | Any action not included in the above categories, or when the corresponding category template is not present. |
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The path for the template of a particular message type is:
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```sh
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custom/templates/mail/{action type}/{action name}.tmpl
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```
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Where `{action type}` is one of `issue` or `pull` (for pull requests), and `{action name}` is one of the names listed above.
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For example, the specific template for a mail regarding a comment in a pull request is:
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```sh
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custom/templates/mail/pull/comment.tmpl
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```
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However, creating templates for each and every action type/name combination is not required.
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A fallback system is used to choose the appropriate template for an event. The _first existing_
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template on this list is used:
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- The specific template for the desired **action type** and **action name**.
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- The template for action type `issue` and the desired **action name**.
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- The template for the desired **action type**, action name `default`.
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- The template for action type `issue`, action name `default`.
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The only mandatory template is action type `issue`, action name `default`, which is already embedded in Gitea
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unless it's overridden by the user in the `custom` directory.
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## Template syntax
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Mail templates are UTF-8 encoded text files that need to follow one of the following formats:
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```
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Text and macros for the subject line
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------------
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Text and macros for the mail body
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```
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or
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```
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Text and macros for the mail body
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```
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Specifying a _subject_ section is optional (and therefore also the dash line separator). When used, the separator between
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_subject_ and _mail body_ templates requires at least three dashes; no other characters are allowed in the separator line.
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_Subject_ and _mail body_ are parsed by [Golang's template engine](https://golang.org/pkg/text/template/) and
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are provided with a _metadata context_ assembled for each notification. The context contains the following elements:
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| Name | Type | Available | Usage |
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| ------------------ | ---------------- | ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| `.FallbackSubject` | string | Always | A default subject line. See Below. |
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| `.Subject` | string | Only in body | The _subject_, once resolved. |
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| `.Body` | string | Always | The message of the issue, pull request or comment, parsed from Markdown into HTML and sanitized. Do not confuse with the _mail body_. |
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| `.Link` | string | Always | The address of the originating issue, pull request or comment. |
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| `.Issue` | models.Issue | Always | The issue (or pull request) originating the notification. To get data specific to a pull request (e.g. `HasMerged`), `.Issue.PullRequest` can be used, but care should be taken as this field will be `nil` if the issue is _not_ a pull request. |
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| `.Comment` | models.Comment | If applicable | If the notification is from a comment added to an issue or pull request, this will contain the information about the comment. |
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| `.IsPull` | bool | Always | `true` if the mail notification is associated with a pull request (i.e. `.Issue.PullRequest` is not `nil`). |
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| `.Repo` | string | Always | Name of the repository, including owner name (e.g. `mike/stuff`) |
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| `.User` | models.User | Always | Owner of the repository from which the event originated. To get the user name (e.g. `mike`),`.User.Name` can be used. |
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| `.Doer` | models.User | Always | User that executed the action triggering the notification event. To get the user name (e.g. `rhonda`), `.Doer.Name` can be used. |
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| `.IsMention` | bool | Always | `true` if this notification was only generated because the user was mentioned in the comment, while not being subscribed to the source. It will be `false` if the recipient was subscribed to the issue or repository. |
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| `.SubjectPrefix` | string | Always | `Re: ` if the notification is about other than issue or pull request creation; otherwise an empty string. |
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| `.ActionType` | string | Always | `"issue"` or `"pull"`. Will correspond to the actual _action type_ independently of which template was selected. |
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| `.ActionName` | string | Always | It will be one of the action types described above (`new`, `comment`, etc.), and will correspond to the actual _action name_ independently of which template was selected. |
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| `.ReviewComments` | []models.Comment | Always | List of code comments in a review. The comment text will be in `.RenderedContent` and the referenced code will be in `.Patch`. |
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All names are case sensitive.
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### The _subject_ part of the template
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The template engine used for the mail _subject_ is golang's [`text/template`](https://golang.org/pkg/text/template/).
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Please refer to the linked documentation for details about its syntax.
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The _subject_ is built using the following steps:
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- A template is selected according to the type of notification and to what templates are present.
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- The template is parsed and resolved (e.g. `{{.Issue.Index}}` is converted to the number of the issue
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or pull request).
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- All space-like characters (e.g. `TAB`, `LF`, etc.) are converted to normal spaces.
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- All leading, trailing and redundant spaces are removed.
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- The string is truncated to its first 256 runes (characters).
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If the end result is an empty string, **or** no subject template was available (i.e. the selected template
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did not include a subject part), Gitea's **internal default** will be used.
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The internal default (fallback) subject is the equivalent of:
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```sh
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{{.SubjectPrefix}}[{{.Repo}}] {{.Issue.Title}} (#{{.Issue.Index}})
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```
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For example: `Re: [mike/stuff] New color palette (#38)`
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Gitea's default subject can also be found in the template _metadata_ as `.FallbackSubject` from any of
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the two templates, even if a valid subject template is present.
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### The _mail body_ part of the template
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The template engine used for the _mail body_ is golang's [`html/template`](https://golang.org/pkg/html/template/).
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Please refer to the linked documentation for details about its syntax.
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The _mail body_ is parsed after the mail subject, so there is an additional _metadata_ field which is
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the actual rendered subject, after all considerations.
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The expected result is HTML (including structural elements like`<html>`, `<body>`, etc.). Styling
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through `<style>` blocks, `class` and `style` attributes is possible. However, `html/template`
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does some [automatic escaping](https://golang.org/pkg/html/template/#hdr-Contexts) that should be considered.
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Attachments (such as images or external style sheets) are not supported. However, other templates can
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be referenced too, for example to provide the contents of a `<style>` element in a centralized fashion.
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The external template must be placed under `custom/mail` and referenced relative to that directory.
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For example, `custom/mail/styles/base.tmpl` can be included using `{{template styles/base}}`.
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The mail is sent with `Content-Type: multipart/alternative`, so the body is sent in both HTML
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and text formats. The latter is obtained by stripping the HTML markup.
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## Troubleshooting
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How a mail is rendered is directly dependent on the capabilities of the mail application. Many mail
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clients don't even support HTML, so they show the text version included in the generated mail.
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If the template fails to render, it will be noticed only at the moment the mail is sent.
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A default subject is used if the subject template fails, and whatever was rendered successfully
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from the the _mail body_ is used, disregarding the rest.
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Please check [Gitea's logs](https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/logging-configuration/) for error messages in case of trouble.
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## Example
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`custom/templates/mail/issue/default.tmpl`:
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```html
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[{{.Repo}}] @{{.Doer.Name}}
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{{if eq .ActionName "new"}}
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created
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{{else if eq .ActionName "comment"}}
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commented on
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{{else if eq .ActionName "close"}}
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closed
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{{else if eq .ActionName "reopen"}}
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reopened
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{{else}}
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updated
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{{end}}
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{{if eq .ActionType "issue"}}
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issue
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{{else}}
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pull request
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{{end}}
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#{{.Issue.Index}}: {{.Issue.Title}}
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------------
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>{{.Subject}}</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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{{if .IsMention}}
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<p>
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You are receiving this because @{{.Doer.Name}} mentioned you.
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</p>
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{{end}}
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<p>
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<p>
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<a href="{{AppUrl}}/{{.Doer.LowerName}}">@{{.Doer.Name}}</a>
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{{if not (eq .Doer.FullName "")}}
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({{.Doer.FullName}})
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{{end}}
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{{if eq .ActionName "new"}}
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created
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{{else if eq .ActionName "close"}}
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closed
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{{else if eq .ActionName "reopen"}}
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reopened
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{{else}}
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updated
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{{end}}
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<a href="{{.Link}}">{{.Repo}}#{{.Issue.Index}}</a>.
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</p>
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{{if not (eq .Body "")}}
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<h3>Message content:</h3>
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<hr>
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{{.Body | Str2html}}
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{{end}}
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</p>
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<hr>
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<p>
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<a href="{{.Link}}">View it on Gitea</a>.
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</p>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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This template produces something along these lines:
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### Subject
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> [mike/stuff] @rhonda commented on pull request #38: New color palette
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### Mail body
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> [@rhonda](#) (Rhonda Myers) updated [mike/stuff#38](#).
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>
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> #### Message content:
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>
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> \_********************************\_********************************
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>
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> Mike, I think we should tone down the blues a little.
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> \_********************************\_********************************
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>
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> [View it on Gitea](#).
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## Advanced
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The template system contains several functions that can be used to further process and format
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the messages. Here's a list of some of them:
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| Name | Parameters | Available | Usage |
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| ---------------- | ----------- | --------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| `AppUrl` | - | Any | Gitea's URL |
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| `AppName` | - | Any | Set from `app.ini`, usually "Gitea" |
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| `AppDomain` | - | Any | Gitea's host name |
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| `EllipsisString` | string, int | Any | Truncates a string to the specified length; adds ellipsis as needed |
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| `Str2html` | string | Body only | Sanitizes text by removing any HTML tags from it. |
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| `Safe` | string | Body only | Takes the input as HTML; can be used for `.ReviewComments.RenderedContent`. |
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These are _functions_, not metadata, so they have to be used:
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```html
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Like this: {{Str2html "Escape<my>text"}}
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Or this: {{"Escape<my>text" | Str2html}}
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Or this: {{AppUrl}}
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But not like this: {{.AppUrl}}
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```
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